The students will be able to develop management skills, get acquainted the learner with the principles of management and economic relations and develop commercial/economic approach to solve the problems in the industrial set-up.

1. ECONOMICS                                                                     2 Hours
1.1 Definition: Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Prof. Robins.
1.2 Nature and scope
1.3 Importance for technicians
1.4 Micro and Macro Economics.
2. BASIC CONCEPTS OF ECONOMICS                              1 Hour
2.1 Utility
2.2 Income
2.3 Wealth
2.4 Saving
2.5 Investment
2.6 Value.
3. DEMAND AND SUPPLY.                                                    2 Hours
3.1 Definition of demand.
3.2 Law of demand.
3.3 Definition of supply.
3.4 Law of supply.
4. FACTORS OF PRODUCTION.                                             2 Hours
4.1 Land
4.2 Labour
4.3 Capital
4.4 Organization.
5. BUSINESS ORGANIZATION.                                                3 Hours
5.1 Sole proprietorship.
5.2 Partnership
5.3 Joint stock company.

6. ENTERPRENEURIAL SKILLS                                              4 Hours
6.1 Preparing, planning, establishing, managing, operating and evaluating relevant resources in small
business.
6.2 Business opportunities, goal setting.
6.3 Organizing, evaluating and analyzing opportunity and risk tasks.
7. SCALE OF PRODUCTION.                                                 2 Hours
7.1 Meaning and its determination.
7.2 Large scale production.
7.3 Small scale production.
8. ECONOMIC SYSTEM                                                           3 Hours
8.1 Free economic system.
8.2 Centrally planned economy.
8.3 Mixed economic system.
9. MONEY.                                                                                 1 Hour
9.1 Barter system and its inconveniences.
9.2 Definition of money and its functions.
10. BANK.                                                                                   1 Hour
10.1 Definition
10.2 Functions of a commercial bank.
10.3 Central bank and its functions.
11. CHEQUE                                                                               1 Hour
11.1 Definition
11.2 Characteristics and kinds of cheque.
11.3 Dishonour of cheque.
12. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS                                                  2 Hours
12.1 IMF
12.2 IDBP
12.3 PIDC
13. TRADE UNION                                                                       2 Hours
13.1 Introduction and brief history.
13.2 Objectives, merits and demerits.
13.3 Problems of industrial labour.
14. INTERNATIONAL TRADE.                                                      2 Hours
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Advantages and disadvantages.
15. MANAGEMENT                                                                      1 Hour
15.1 Meaning
15.2 Function

16. ADVERTISEMENT                                                                     2  Hour
16.1 The concept, benefits and draw-backs.
16.2 Principal media used in business world.
17. ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN                                                        1 Hour
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Economic problems and remedies.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. Nisar-ud-Din, Business Organization, Aziz Publisher, Lahore
2. M. Saeed Nasir,Introduction to Business, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore.
3. S.M. Akhtar, An Introduction to Modern Economics, United Limited, Lahore.