Understanding electricity involves the sound familiarity with the established laws and
concepts, and their application in different situations. Thus solving problems also forms part of the cognition of these concepts.
This course aims at providing a strong foundation in these basic concepts and laws of
electricity, along with an appreciation of the magnitudes of the quantities involved or to be guessed, through solving numerical problems. The concepts are further strengthened through extensive Laboratory work.

UNIT-I D.C. FUNDAMENTAL                                                                  (37 Hrs.)
1. ELECTRIC CURRENT AND OHM’S LAW
1.1 Electron Theory.
1.2 Conductor, Insulator, semiconductor.
1.3 Resistance, conductance, electrical current, potential difference.
1.4 Ohm’s Law.
1.5 Laws of Resistance
1.6 Effect of temperature on Resistance.
1.7 Temperature coefficient of resistance.
1.8 Series and parallel circuits
1.9 Resistances in series and parallel.
1.10 Division of voltage in series circuit.
1.11 Division of current in parallel circuit.
1.12 Equivalent resistance of complex network.
2. NETWORK THEOREMS
2.1 Kirchhoff’s law I – current law.
2.2 Kirchhoff’s law II-voltage law.
2.3 Active & Passive circuits, node, branch, and loop in Electrical circuits.
2.4 Application of Kirchhoff’s laws.
2.5 Problem solving with Kirchhoff’s Laws in D.C. circuit. (Simple problems)
2.6 Superposition theorem.
2.7 Maximum power transfer theorem.
2.8 Thevenin’s theorem.
3. WORK, POWER AND ENERGY

3.1 Heating effect of current.
3.2 Joule’s Law.
3.3 Thermal efficiency.
3.4 Conversion of electrical energy into Mechanical energy.
3.5 Energy billing.
3.6 Problem solving on above
4. MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
4.1 Laws of magnetic force.
4.2 Absolute and relative permeability.
4.3 Magnetic field due to a straight current carrying conductor.
4.4 Magnetic field of coil
4.5 Cork-Screw rule.
4.6 Effect of iron core in a coil.
4.7 Fleming’s right and left hand rules.
4.8 Mechanical force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
5. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
5.1 Faraday’s Laws of electromagnetic Induction.
5.2 Dynamically and statically induced EMF.
5.3 Lenz’s Law.
5.4 Concept of self and mutual induction.
5.5 Unit of Inductance
6. ELECTROSTATICS
6.1 Static Electricity.
6.2 Absolute and relative permeability of a medium.
6.3 Laws of Electrostatic.
6.4 Capacitor, capacitance.
6.5 Types of capacitors.
6.6 Capacitors in series and parallel.
6.7 Charging of a capacitor.
6.8 Equation of charging of a capacitor.
6.9 Discharging of a capacitor and its equation

UNIT-II A.C FUNDAMENTALS.                                                            (12 HRS.)
7. FUNDAMENTALS OF A.C
7.1 Definition of Alternating current & voltage.
7.2 Working principle of Alternating current generator.
7.3 Simple loop Alternator, Relationship between Speed, poles and frequency.
7.4 Sinusoidal Emf Equation, other wave forms, triangular, square wave etc.
7.5 Cycle, period, Frequency, amplitude, instantaneous value

7.6 Average value, Effective value. R.M.S value. Form factor. Peak factor.
7.7 Representation of A.C. through vectors.
7.8 Phasor Diagrams, Phase difference, Polar form of A.C quantities.
7.9 j Notation
8. SINGLE PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT                                                  (22 HRS.)
8.1 A.C through pure Resistance and Vector Diagram.
8.2 A.C through pure Inductance and Vector Diagram.
8.3 A.C through pure Capacitance and Vector Diagram.
8.4 A.C through pure Resistance & Inductance in series including wave forms and
Phasor diagram.
8.5 A.C through Resistance and Capacitance connected in series including wave
forms and phaser diagram.
8.6 Voltage, current and power relation in A.C. R/L and R/C Circuits.
8.7 R.L.C series circuit.
8.8 Impedance Triangle, Phase angle, power factor.
8.9 Active and Reactive component. Actual power, Apparent Power, Reactive Power,
relationship.
8.10 Parallel A.C circuits.
8.11 Solution of Parallel circuits by vector and admittance method.
8.12 Solution of simple problems with Phasor Algebra.
8.13 Power factor improvement with static capacitor.
8.14 Solving problems involving power factor improvement.
8.15 Resonance circuit.
8.16 Series, parallel resonance circuit.
8.17 Problems on resonant circuit.
UNIT-III POLY-PHASE FUNDAMENTALS                                          (25 HRS.)
9. POLY-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
9.1 Generation of two Phase, three Phase emf.
9.2 Advantages of Poly Phase system.
9.3 Current in Neutral in a 3 Phase circuit.

9.4 Power Equation.
9.5 Star & Delta connection, Relation ship between line and Phase values.
9.6 Comparison of Star and Delta connections, their uses, and conversion.
9.7 Power in a three Phase Balanced load.
9.8 Vector diagram of a Star and Delta connected load.
9.9 Measurement of power with one watt meter without the use of Neutral wire.
9.10 Measurement of power with two watt meters and its vector diagram.
9.11 Measurement of Power with three watt meters and its vector diagram.
9.12 Measurement of Reactive power in a three Phase circuit.
9.13 Calculation of P.F. with Active and reactive power

9.14 Phase sequence.
9.15 Power factor improvement and problems solving.
9.16 Advantages of 3 Phase supply over single Phase supply.
9.17 Problem solving on 3 Phase