To enable students understand basic principles, construction, working and control techniques of DC machines. Also understand types, working and charging of secondary cells/batteries.

1. D.C. MACHINES FUNDAMENTALS                                                 6 Hrs.
1.1 Review of Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction, Flemings right hand rule, Lenz’s
Law, and force on a current carrying conductor.
1.2 Parts of D.C Machines, body, yoke, field, poles, armature, commutator, etc.
1.3 Armature winding, single layer, double layer, simplex, duplex, lap and wave.
2. D.C MACHINE AS D.C. GENERATOR                                            20 Hrs.
2.1 Principle of working of elementary D.C generator.
2.2 E.M.F equation of D.C generator and problem solving.
2.3 Types of Generator, separately exited, self exited, shunt, series and compound.
2.4 No load characteristics of separately and self exited shunt generator, critical resistance
solving problems.
2.5 On load, internal, external characteristics & problem solving of generators voltage
regulation, method of compounding, degree of compounding.
2.6 Armature reaction & commutation.
2.7 Interpoles or compoles.
2.8 Power stages, losses and efficiency, condition for maximum efficiency.
2.9 Parallel operation of shunt & compound generator, load sharing.
2.10 Safety while working on generators
3. D.C. MACHINES AS D.C. MOTOR                                                    26 Hrs.
3.1 Principle & working of elementary D.C motor.
3.2 Back e.m.f and torque development in D.C motors, torque equation.
3.3 Electrical, Mechanical, V/Ia characteristics of series, shunt, compound (Differential)
motors.
3.4 Comparison of D.C motors, and their applications.
3.5 Power stages, losses, BHP and efficiency of D.C. motors.
3.6 Speed control of D.C motor by changing field flux, armature current and voltage.
3.7 Merits and demerits of different speed controlling methods.
3.8 Necessity and Design of Motor Starter, 3 & 4 points starter.
3.9 Controllers, manual, automatic magnetic, semi-automatic.
3.10 Testing of D.C machines, Dynamometer, Hopkinson tests.
3.11 Safety while working on motors.
4. BATTERIES                                                                                        12 Hrs.
4.1 Primary cells, types, construction, dry cell.
4.2 Secondary cells, storage cells.
4.3 Types of storage cells, Lead Acid, Nickel iron, Nickel Cadmium

4.4 Chemical action during charging and discharging of Lead Acid battery.
4.5 Construction and working of Lead Acid battery.
4.6 Preparation of electrolytes of given specific gravity.
4.7 Variation in specific gravity during charging & discharging.
4.8 Effect of specific gravity on e.m.f.
4.9 Construction & working of Nickel iron cell.
4.10 Construction & working of Nickel-Cadmium Cell.
4.11 Safety in preparation of electrolytes and handling acids.
4.12 Safe disposal of chemicals